The NT book of James is a practical guide to Christianity. The first thing to note about this book is that it is a very Jewish example of Christianity in the first century. Opinions vary about when it was written, anywhere from somewhere in the early 50's AD (making it possibly the earliest book in the NT aside from Galatians), to somewhere in the 60's.
James sections off pretty neatly. Each chapter introduces a new thought, but they're always tightly linked with the previous thought. Though James is most often quoted for his message in chapter 2 (faith and deeds, deeds and faith), my favorite passage is chapter 4. He begins the passage by asking a really good question:
What causes fights and quarrels among you? Don't they come from the desires that battle within you? You want something, but don't get it. You kill and covet, but you can't have what you want.
Isn't this still the case today? Isn't that why we're unhappy much of the time? Our expectations of life are sky high...life doesn't let us down, we let ourselves down. We overestimate what God will do in the short run, but underestimate what He'll do in the long run.
But all is not lost! James goes on to give the answer in verse 7:
Submit yourselves then, to God
Resist the Devil and he will flee from you.
Draw near to God and He will draw near to you.
Wash your hands you sinners
And purify your hearts, you double-minded.
Notice how I wrote that. It's written differently than in your bibles. That's because this is a beautiful example of James expressing a very Jewish thought using classic Hebrew poetry (paralellism). In this case it's synthetic paralellism, where one thought advances the last.
We'll go through one line at a time for the next few blogs, but we'll do the first now. What is the answer to our unhappiness? Submission to God. The greek word used for "submit" indicates the submission of a son to a father or a student to his teacher, not of a slave to his master...that's something else entirely. "To God" is in the dative case, indicating that God is the direct object of our submission. We do this to God...it's not a vague kind of idealistic thing. It's about lifestyle and intention. It is a constant repetition of Christ's words in the garden, "Your will, not mine".
Earlier in the chapter James points out that he readers don't have because they don't ask, and when they do ask, they ask with bad motives. It's the same with us...God's not telling us not to ask Him for things, only to submitt our desires to Him and let him change them.
A word about the word "desire" and then I'll end. Though there are several words in greek used for "desire", one of the most common is epithumeos. I love the NIV translation, but this is where it gets wacky. James, like most of the NT writers, is expressing a Hebrew thought about desire here and elsewhere, using the word epithumeos. The NIV takes the more Greek line, translating is as "evil desires" or "lusts" or a bunch of other things, depending on the context. In the NIV's defense, they're trying to make this readable, so they're doing a little bit of interpretation based on the context, and they're almost always right on, but I don't think it's helpful. "Epithumios" simply means desire; not "evil" or "lust" or "sinful", just desire. The point to James and the other NT writers is that desires are not evil in and of themselves. Our expressions of them are. Desires are like anything else...they are at the crossroads. They can be good or evil. They must be submitted to God. And that brings us right back to 4:7.
James sections off pretty neatly. Each chapter introduces a new thought, but they're always tightly linked with the previous thought. Though James is most often quoted for his message in chapter 2 (faith and deeds, deeds and faith), my favorite passage is chapter 4. He begins the passage by asking a really good question:
What causes fights and quarrels among you? Don't they come from the desires that battle within you? You want something, but don't get it. You kill and covet, but you can't have what you want.
Isn't this still the case today? Isn't that why we're unhappy much of the time? Our expectations of life are sky high...life doesn't let us down, we let ourselves down. We overestimate what God will do in the short run, but underestimate what He'll do in the long run.
But all is not lost! James goes on to give the answer in verse 7:
Submit yourselves then, to God
Resist the Devil and he will flee from you.
Draw near to God and He will draw near to you.
Wash your hands you sinners
And purify your hearts, you double-minded.
Notice how I wrote that. It's written differently than in your bibles. That's because this is a beautiful example of James expressing a very Jewish thought using classic Hebrew poetry (paralellism). In this case it's synthetic paralellism, where one thought advances the last.
We'll go through one line at a time for the next few blogs, but we'll do the first now. What is the answer to our unhappiness? Submission to God. The greek word used for "submit" indicates the submission of a son to a father or a student to his teacher, not of a slave to his master...that's something else entirely. "To God" is in the dative case, indicating that God is the direct object of our submission. We do this to God...it's not a vague kind of idealistic thing. It's about lifestyle and intention. It is a constant repetition of Christ's words in the garden, "Your will, not mine".
Earlier in the chapter James points out that he readers don't have because they don't ask, and when they do ask, they ask with bad motives. It's the same with us...God's not telling us not to ask Him for things, only to submitt our desires to Him and let him change them.
A word about the word "desire" and then I'll end. Though there are several words in greek used for "desire", one of the most common is epithumeos. I love the NIV translation, but this is where it gets wacky. James, like most of the NT writers, is expressing a Hebrew thought about desire here and elsewhere, using the word epithumeos. The NIV takes the more Greek line, translating is as "evil desires" or "lusts" or a bunch of other things, depending on the context. In the NIV's defense, they're trying to make this readable, so they're doing a little bit of interpretation based on the context, and they're almost always right on, but I don't think it's helpful. "Epithumios" simply means desire; not "evil" or "lust" or "sinful", just desire. The point to James and the other NT writers is that desires are not evil in and of themselves. Our expressions of them are. Desires are like anything else...they are at the crossroads. They can be good or evil. They must be submitted to God. And that brings us right back to 4:7.